References -- Women in Science & Engineering

Ahlgren, Priscilla. Closing the Math and Science Gap. The Education Digest, Sept. 1991.
American Association for the Advancement of Science. Science for All Americans. AAAS Project 2061, Oxford University Press (1-800-451-7556), 1990. (Report defines scientific literacy, why America needs it, and how we can achieve it.)
American College Testing Program. Women in Science and Technology: Careers for Today and Tomorrow. ACT Publications, Box 168, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, 1976.
Angier, Natalie. Women Swell Ranks of Science, But Remain Invisible at the Top. New York Times, May 21, 1991.
1992-93 Annual Report of the Women in Science Project at Dartmouth (WISP) (Describes the program's major features. Available from WISP, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, 603-646-3866.)
Arnold, K. Retaining High-achieving Women in Science and Engineering. AAAS Symposium on Women and Girls in Science and Technology, Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, July 1987.
AWIS-CAC Compilation of Recommended Career Guidance Resources, 1989 edition. (Bibliographic listing of books, films, curricular materials, etc. on women and girls in science and on careers in science and engineering, produced by the Chicago Chapter of Association for Women in Science. Available from The Association for Women in Science, 1522 K St., NW Suite 820, Washington, DC, 20005, 202-408-0742.)
Baum, Eleanor. Recruiting and Graduating Women: The Underrepresented Student. IEEE Communications Magazine, Dec. 1990, pp. 47-50.
Bruer, John, Cole, Jonathan, and Zuckermann, Harriet. The Outer Circle. New York: W. W. Norton & Co, 1991. (Discusses the current status of women in science, and the reasons for it.)
Brush, Stephen. Women in Science and Engineering. American Scientist, Vol. 70, Sept.-Oct. 1991, pp. 404-419. (Has 102 references.)
Carter, Ruth and Kirkup, Gill Kirkup. Women in Engineering: A Good Place to Be? Macmillan, 1990. (ISBN 0-333-45241-0 hardcover, 0-333-45242-9 paperback. The authors interviewed thirty-seven women engineers in the U.S. and the U.K. about their professional and private lives in order to assess whether we should be encouraging more women to become engineers.)
Changing America: The New Face of Science and Engineering Interim Report of The Task Force on Women, Minorities, and the Handicapped in Science and Technology (a congressionally mandated task force), Washington, D.C., 1988.
Changing America: The New Face of Science and Engineering Final Report of The Task Force on Women, Minorities, and the Handicapped in Science and Technology (a congressionally mandated task force), Washington, D.C., 1989.
Church, John. Job Prospects for Women Engineers. Women's Issue: Graduating Engineer, February, 1995. (Non-traditional jobs carrying little legacy of sex discrimination plus equitable starting salaries benefit this year's graduating women engineers.)
Clearing the Path for Women Scientists. The Scientist, March 21, 1994. (Discussion of key findings from the Pathways for Women in the Sciences study, Part I, which addressed issues of why undergrad women aim for scientific careers and what encourages or obstructs their success. The full "Pathways I" reference is below.)
Clutter, M.E. Achieving the Full Participation of Women in Science and Engineering. Report of the National Science Foundation Task Force on Women in Science and Engineering, Oct. 25, 1989.
Cole, Jonathan R., and Zuckerman, Harriet. Marriage, Motherhood and Research Performance in Science. Scientific American, Feb. 1987. (Reports that women publish less than men, but that marriage/family obligations do not account for the disparity, as married women with children publish as much as their single female colleagues.)
Commission on Professionals in Science and Technology. Professional Women and Minorities. 1500 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 831, Washington, DC 20005, 1990.
Commission of Professionals in Science and Technology. Recruiting Doctoral Scientists and Engineers for the 21st Century; Supply & Demand for Engineers in the 1990s, Who is in the Pipeline? Science, Mathematics & Engineering Education, and A Progress Report on Women in the Natural Sciences and Engineering. CPST, 1500 Massachusetts Ave., NW, Suite 831, Washington, DC 20005, 202-223-6995.
Commission of Professionals in Science and Technology. Salaries of Scientists, Engineers, and Technicians. Available for $50 prepaid from CPST, 1500 Massachusetts Ave., Suite 831, Washington, DC 20005, 202-223-6995.
Congressional Task Force on Women, Minorities, and the Handicapped in Science and Technology. Changing America: The New Face of Science and Engineering. Final Report, Dec. 1989. (Includes a useful list of "Exemplary Programs" designed to increase the participation of underrepresented groups in the science and engineering workforce.)
The Cooper Union 1989 National Survey of Women Engineers. Available on request from the Albert Nerken School of Engineering, 51 Astor Place, New York, NY 10003.
Davis, B. G. and Humphreys, S. Evaluating Intervention Programs, Applications from Women's Programs in Math and Science. Teachers College Press (Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027), 1985.
Diversity in the High-Tech Workplace. IEEE Spectrum, June 1992. (Series of articles on the topic.)
Diversity and Performance in R&D. IEEE Spectrum, June 1992, pp. 21-24. (Report on an extensive survey of managers and researchers in R&D laboratories. Includes statistics comparing self-evaluations by female and male researchers, and comparing self-evaluation results with ratings conducted by managers.)
Etzkowitz, H., Kemelgor, C., and Neuschatz, M. The final disadvantage: Barriers to women in academic science and engineering. Tech. Rep., Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst. Center for Science and Technology.
Etzkowitz, Henry; Kemelgor, Carol; Neuschatz, Michael; Uzzi, Brian; and Alonzono, Joseph. The Paradox of Critical Mass for Women in Science Science, Volume 266, pp. 51-54, Oct. 7, 1994.
Expanding Choices. Status of Women Canada. (Available from Suite 700, 360 Albert St., Ottawa, Ontario K1A 1C3. Description of 30 programs in Canada aimed at increasing the participation of girls and young women in math and science.)
Ferry, Georgina and Moore, Jane. True Confessions of Women in Science. New Scientist, Vol. 95, July 1, 1982, pp. 27-30. (Results of this British magazine's survey of its female readers.)
Fox, L., Brody, L., and Tobin, D., editors. Women and the Mathematical Mystique. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1980.
Friedmann, L. More Women in Science: A Goal for the 1990s. National Research Council Report, Vol. 42, No. 2, Feb./Mar. 1992, pp. 11-13.
Fryer, Bronwyn. Breaking into the Men's Club. Open Computing, Volume 11, Number 12, December 1994, p35. A study of why so few women make it to the upper ranks in information sciences.
Gender Equity in Math and Science. Journal of the National Association for Women in Education (NAWE). (Two-issue set is available for $26 from NAWE, 1325 18th St., NW, Washington, DC 20036, 202-659-9330.
Gender and Science. Transcipt of a panel discussion sponsored by the New England chapter of the Association for Women in Science in 1987 on "what is the meaning and impact of research on women in science." Available from The Association for Women in Science, 1522 K St., NW Suite 820, Washington, DC, 20005, 202-408-0742.
Gender and Science Bibliography, Workshop and Readings. PEW Science Program, from a Conference at the UCLA Conference Center, 1991. (View as text)
Goff, Alice C. Women Can Be Engineers. Edwards Bros., Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1946.
Goodstein, David L. Scientific Elites and Scientific Illiterates. Engineering and Science, Spring 1993.
Grigolia, M. Computer Science Reentry Program. Computing Research News, Vol. 2, No. 2, April 1, 1990.
Grundy, Frances. What is to be Done? A Feminist Critique of Science, Technology and Computing. GATES (Greater Access to Technology, Engineering and Science Journal), Deakin University, Victoria, Australia, Issue 1, 1994.
Haas, Violet and Perrucci, Carolyn. Women in Scientific and Engineering Professions. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 1984. (Chapters were drawn from a national Conference on Women in the Professions: Science, Social Science, Engineering, held at Purdue University in 1981.)
Hornig, L. S. Women in Science and Engineering: Why So Few? Tech. Review, Vol. 87, No. 8, pp. 31-41, 1984. (Available from the National Academy Press, 202-334-2138.)
Horrell, A. Improving the Climate for Women and Minorities in Academic and Scientific Careers. Trends in Pharmacological Sciences, Vol. 11, No. 7, pp. 267-268, 1990.
Keller, Evelyn Fox. A Feeling for the Organism : The Life and Work of Barbara McClintock. W.H. Freeman, 1983.
Keller, Evelyn Fox. Reflections on Gender and Science. Yale University Press, 1985. (ISBN 0-300-03291-9 alkaline paper, 0-300-03636-1 paperback). (Jacket cover of book reads: "Why are objectivity and reason characterized as male and subjectivity and feeling as female? How does this characterization affect the goals and methods of scientific enquiry? This ground-breaking work explores the possibilities of a gender- free science and the conditions that could make such a possibility a reality." Keller was formerly mathematical biophysicist and is currently a professor of rhetoric at the U. of CA at Berkeley.)
Keller, Evelyn Fox. The Gender/Science System: or Is Sex to Gender as Nature is to Science? Hypatia: A Journal of Feminist Philosophy, Vol. 2, No. 3, Fall 1987, pp. 33-44.
Howard Landman's list of references for women in science - The Hypatia Book List
Lantz, A. An Evaluation of Programs for Reentry of Women Scientists, S. Humphreys, Ed., Women and Minorities in Science: Strategies for Increasing Participation. Westview Press, 1982.
Mahon, A. Michal. The Making of a Profession: A Century of Electrical Engineering in America. IEEE Press, 1984.
Marcoulides, G. The Relationship Between Computer Anxiety and Computer Achievement. Journal of Educational Computing Research, Vol. 4, No. 2, 1988, pp. 151-158.
Marriage, Family, and Scientific Careers: Institutional Policy Versus Research Findings. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Proceedings of a Symposium at the Annual Meeting of the AAAS (1989).
A National Survey of Women and Men Engineers. Society of Women Engineers, 1-800-666-1SWE. (Report covers motivation to enter engineering, family issues, gender and equity issues, participation in management - all substantiated by data.)
NSF 90-301 - Women and Minorities in Science and Engineering. National Science Foundation, Jan. 1990.
NSF 92-99 - Gateway to Diversity in the Scientific and Technological Workforce. NSF Directorate for Education and Human Resources, November 1992. (View as text)
NSB 93-1 Ch. 2 Higher Education in Science and Engineering. SBE/SRS of the NSF, April 1994. (Statistics on higher education in science and engineering in the U.S.) (View as text)
NSB 93-1 Ch. 3 Science and Engineering Workforce. SBE/SRS of the NSF, April 1994. (Statistics on the science and engineering workforce in the U.S.) (View as text)
NSF 93-22 National Conference on Diversity in the Scientific and Technological Workforce. NSF Directorate for Education and Human Resources. June 1993. (View as text)
NSF 93-126 Activities for Women and Girls in Science, Engineering, and Mathematics. NSF Directorate for Education and Human Resources, October 1993. (A Progam Guideline.) (View as text)
NSF 93-309 Academic Science and Engineering: Graduate Enrollment and Support. SBE/SRS of the NSF, July 1993. (View as text)
NSF 94-12 Second National Conference on Diversity in the Scientific and Technological Workforce. NSF Directorate for Education and Human Resources. June 1994. (View Part 1 as text) or (View Part 2 as text)
NSF 94-333 Women, Minorities, and Persons with Disabilities in Science & Engineering: 1994. National Science Foundation, November 1994. (View as text).
NSF Reports on U.S. Science and Engineering National Science Foundation Science Resources Studies (View as text).
Ott, Mary. Female Engineering Students -- Attitudes, Characteristics, Expectations, Responses to Engineering Education. Final report for NSF grant #SMI-75-18013A01. ERIC Doc- ument #ED 160400, 1975.
Parker, Marla, Editor. She Does Math! Real-life Problems from Women on the Job. The Mathematical Association of America, 1995, ISBN 0-88385-702-2. (Presents career-histories of 38 professional women and math problems that relate to their work. Each history describes what math the author took in high school and college, how she chose her field of study, and how she ended up in her current job. Each author presents typical math problems she has faced in her job; the problems require high-school math.)
Pickle, Linda. Where are the Women Scientists? Sigma Delta Epsilon-Graduate Women in Science Bulletin, Vol. 55, Nos. 2 and 3, Dec. 1991 and March 1992.
Rayman, Paula, and Brett, Belle. Pathways for Women in the Sciences: The Wellesley Report Part I. 1993. Available for $20 from Center for Research on Women, Publications Dept., Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA 02181-8259, 617-283-2500. (Report on the first phase of a study addressing why women choose to enter science and what encourages or obstructs their success.)
Report on women and minorities in science and engineering. National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C., 1988.
Ruskai, Mary Beth. How Stereotypes About Science Affect the Participation of Women. Text of a lecture given in 1989 by Mary Beth Ruskai, Prof. of Mathematical Physics at Lowell University, MA. Available from The Association for Women in Science, 1522 K St., NW Suite 820, Washington, DC, 20005, 202-408-0742.
Seymour, Elaine, and Hewitt, Nancy. Talking About Leaving -- Factors Contributing to High Attrition Rates Among Science, Mathematics and Engineering Undergraduate Majors: An Ethnographic Inquiry at Seven Institutions,1994. Available from: Anne-Barrie Norbeck, Bureau of Sociological Research, P.O. Box 580, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, 303-492-0084.
Sherwood, Kate. Women in Engineering Industry. (Personal reflections on how being a woman in the engineering workplace is different from being a man in the engineering workplace.) (View as text)
Sloat, B. Women in science: A university program of intervention, out-reach, and research, Second International Interdisciplinary Congress on Women (April 1984. Gorningen, the Netherlands).
Steen, Lynn Arthur. Achieving Scinece Literacy: What Works? Current, Nov. 1991.
Sursock, A. The women's science and engineering network. European Journal of Physics, 8, 2 (1987), 151-152.
Weisbard, Phyllis Holman, and Apple, Rima D. The History of Women and Science, Health, and Technology: A Bibliographic Guide to the Professions and the Disciplines. 2nd Edition, University of Wisconsin System Women's Studies Librarian, Madison, WI, 1993. (View as text)
White, Martha. Psychological and Social Barriers to Women in Science. Science, Vol. 170, Oct. 23, 1970, pp. 413-416.
Widnall, Sheila. American Association for the Advancement of Science Presidential Lecture: Voices from the Pipeline. Science, Vol. 241, Sept. 30, 1988, pp. 1740-1745.
Williams, Janet L. Math and Science Illiteracy: Social and Economic Impacts. Society of Women Engineers magazine, Nov./Dec. 1994.
Winslett, Marianne; Altstetter, Carl; Huang, Helen; Jones, Vicki; Kriven, Trudy; Lamb, Susan; Oakley, Burks; Thurston, Deborah; Walker, William; and Wrightson, Susan. Final Report of the Committee on the Status of Women Graduate Students and Faculty in the College of Engineering. University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, June 1993. (View as text)
Woman Engineer. (A periodical which is available free to female engineering college graduates, undergraduates within 2 years of graduating, and professional women engineers from: Circulation Department, Equal Opportunity Publications, Inc., 150 Motor Parkway, Suite 420, Hauppauge, NY 11788-5145.)
Women in Science. Special section in Science, Vol. 255, March 13, 1992, pp. 1365-1388. (Contains articles on mentoring, two-career science marriages, and tenure, and profiles of the fields of neuroscience, chemistry, and mathematics.)
Women in Science 1994: Comparisons Across Cultures. Special section in Science, Vol. 263, March 11, 1994, pp. 1389-1393, 1467-1496. (Focuses on women in science in Germany, Italy, Sweden, Turkey, The Philippines, and India.)
Women in Science and Engineering: Increasing their Numbers in the 1990s. Committee on Women in Science and Engineering, Office of Scientific and Engineering Personnel, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1991 (ISBN 0-309-04595-9).
Women in Science: A HyperCard Project, Kensington Academy, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. (View as text)
Women Into Science And Technology: Women Claiming Science Futures. A Case study reported in GATES (Greater Access to Technology, Engineering and Science Journal), Deakin University, Victoria, Australia, Issue 1, 1994.
Women of Science at the Marine Biology Lab
Yentsch, C. M. and Sindermann, C. J. The Woman Scientist: Meeting the Challenges for a Successful Career. New York: Plenum Press, 1992, p. 157.
Yost, Edna. American Women of Science. Frederick A. Stokes Company, Philadelphia and New York, 1943.
Zappert, L. T., and Stanbury, K. In the Pipeline: A Comparative Analysis of Men and Women in Graduate Programs in Science, Engineering, and Medicine at Stanford University. Tech. Rep. Working Paper 20, Institute for Research on Women and Gender, Standford University Stanford, CA, 1984.

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